Thinking Traps

Probability and Statistical Biases

Confirmation bias

Data is interpreted to support an existing belief.

What Is Confirmation bias?

Confirmation bias is a thinking trap where data is interpreted to support an existing belief.

How It Tricks You

It can make noisy, incomplete, or poorly framed data feel more meaningful than it is.

Real-World Example

Someone searches only for reviews that defend the phone they already want.

Seen Online As

What To Ask Instead

What analysis would challenge the belief?

Related Thinking Traps

Common Situations

Quick FAQ

What is Confirmation bias?

Data is interpreted to support an existing belief.

What is an example of Confirmation bias?

Someone searches only for reviews that defend the phone they already want.

How do I spot Confirmation bias?

What analysis would challenge the belief?